## Codebook
"The Compleat Economic Voter in Belgium: Channels of Accountability in a Complex Multilevel Government System"

## Authors: 
Martin Okolikj, Marc Hooghe, and Michael Lewis-Beck 

Note: This coodbook is translaiton to English from Dutch (survey conducted in Flanders) and French (survey conducted in Wallonia). 

# Variables used:

Vote_federal - Which party did you vote for in the federal (Belgian) elections of 26 May 2019?

	In Flanders:
	
	1. Open VLD
	2. N-VA
	3. Vlaams Belang
	4. CD&V
	5. PVDA
	6. Groen
	7. sp.a
	8. blank/invalid
	9. other party

	In Wallonia:
	
	1. Ecolo
	2. cdH
	3. MR
	4. PP
	5. DéFI
	6. PTB
	7. PS
	8. blank/invalid
	9. other party

Vote_federal_incumbent 

	0. No
	1. Yes
	
	Flanders incumbents (Open VLD, N-VA, CD&V)
	note: blank/invalid is coded as NA
	
	Wallonia incumbent (MR)
	note: blank/invalid is coded as NA

Vote_regional - Which party did you vote for in the Flemish elections of 26 May 2019?

	In Flanders:
	
	1. Open VLD
	2. N-VA
	3. Vlaams Belang
	4. CD&V
	5. PVDA
	6. Groen
	7. sp.a
	8. blank/invalid
	9. other party
	
	In Wallonia:
	
	1. Ecolo
	2. cdH
	3. MR
	4. PP
	5. DéFI
	6. PTB
	7. PS
	8. blank/invalid
	9. other party

Vote_regional_incumbent  

	0. No
	1. Yes
	
	Flanders incumbents (Open VLD, N-VA, CD&V)
	note: blank/invalid is coded as NA
	
	Wallonia incumbent (MR, cdH)
	note: blank/invalid is coded as NA

Evolution_economy - Looking at the past twelve months, how do you think the economic situation in Belgium has been changed? 
	Note: Economic perceptions and valence terminology used in the manuscript. 

	1. Got much worse
	2. Got worse
	3. Remained the same 
	4. Made a little progress 
	5. Much improved

Patrimony_house - owner of a property, e.g. a house or an apartment?
	
	0. No
	1. Yes

Patrimony_business - owner of a business, property, farm or livestock?

	0. No
	1. Yes

Patrimony_stocks - owning shares or bonds?

	0. No
	1. Yes

Patrimony_savings - possession of savings?        

	0. No
	1. Yes

Patrimony_high - additive index of 'Patrimony_business' and 'Patrimony_stocks'

Patrimony_low - additive index of 'Patrimony_house' and 'Patrimony_savings'

Income_government_action - To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement? 
	
	'The government should take measures to reduce income differences.'
	Note: Positional economics terminology used in the manuscript. 

	1. Absolutely agree
	2. Agree
	3. Neither agree nor disagree 
	4. Disagree 
	5. Absolutely disagree

Sex - What is your gender?
	Note: Gender terminology used in the manuscript.
	
	1. Woman 
	2. Man
	3. Other 

	note: no respondent reported 3. 

Birthyear - What is your year of birth?
	
	year of birth (four digits)

Interest_politics_general - How interested are you in politics in general?
	
	1. Not at all interested 
	2. Hardly interested
	3. Reasonable interested 
	4. Very intgerested

Govspending_industry - Indicate below whether the government should spend more or less on these item. 
	
	Remember that saying “more” may mean an increase in taxes, and saying “less” may mean a decrease in services.
	item: 'companies and industry'
	Note: Replication_code.txt changes the vlaues so higher values have positive meaning, i.e., 5 indicates 'Much more' and 1 indicates 'A lot less' in the manuscript.
	
	1. Much more
	2. Little more
	3. The same 
	4. Somewhat less
	5. A lot less

 - In politics, people sometimes talk about left and right. Can you place the following parties on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means left and 10 means right?

Leftright_1
Leftright_2              
Leftright_3
Leftright_4
Leftright_5
Leftright_6
Leftright_7

	0. left
	10. right 

Party number in Flanders:
	
	1. Open VLD
	2. N-VA
	3. Vlaams Belang
	4. CD&V
	5. PVDA
	6. Groen
	7. sp.a
	
 Party number in Wallonia:
	
	1. Ecolo
	2. cdH
	3. MR
	4. PP
	5. DéFI
	6. PTB
	7. PS

Leftright_self - When you think about your own political views, where would you place yourself on this scale?

	0. left
	10. right 


Party_close - Do you feel closely related to a political party?
	Note: Party ID terminology in the manuscript.
	
	0. No
	1. Yes

Satisfaction_fedgov - To what extent are you satisfied with the policy of the Federal (Belgian) government?
	
	1. Very dissatisfied
	2. Dissatisfied
	3. Not dissatisfied, not satisfied
	4. Satisfied
	5. Very satisfied

Marital -  What is your current relationship status?

	1. married or cohabiting
	0. widow / widower, separated, single

Education - What is your highest level of education?
	
	1. preschool education, primary education, or lower secondary education (1st or 2nd grade secondary)
	2. higher secondary education (up to and including 3rd grade), post-secondary non-higher education (4th degree BSO, secondary-after-secondary TSO and KSO), higher education short cycle (higher vocational education, HBO5 for nursing)
	3. higher education, bachelor (professional and academic bachelor, specific teacher training, bachelor after bachelor), higher education master (master, master after master), doctorate

Employment
	
	0. No (includes: helping relatives, unemployed, student, at school, vocational training, retired, housewife or househusband, incapable for work, other - not belonging to the labor market)
	1. Yes (employed full-time (32 hours per week or more), part-time employed (15 to less than 32 hours per week), employed (less than 15 hours per week))

-  Are you, or someone in your family

Religion_frequency - How often do you participate in a religious ceremonies, weddings and funerals not counted?
	Note: Religiosity terminology used in the manuscript.

	1. Never 
	2. Once a year
	3. Two to eleven times a year
	4. Once a month
	5. Two or more times a month
	6. At least once a week

Region - Respondent's region

	0. Flanders
	1. Wallonia 

ID - Unique respnident number

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about immigrants in our country?

Immigrants_economy - Immigrants are generally good for the Belgian economy.
	
	1. Absolutely disagree
	2. Disagree
	3. Neither agree nor disagree 
	4. Agree 
	5. Absolutely agree

Immigrants_culture - The culture in our country is threatened by immigrants.

	1. Absolutely disagree
	2. Disagree
	3. Neither agree nor disagree 
	4. Agree 
	5. Absolutely agree

Immigrants_crime - Immigrants are causing more crime in Belgium.

	1. Absolutely disagree
	2. Disagree
	3. Neither agree nor disagree 
	4. Agree 
	5. Absolutely agree

Europeanisation -  Some people believe that European integration should go further. Others believe that it has already gone too far. 
	Where would you place your own views on a scale of 0 to 10?
	
	0. Unification has gone too far
	5. Good as it is
	10. Unification must proceed

- On a scale of 0 to 10, please indicate how much confidence you personally have in each of the following:

Trust_fedparl - the federal parliament
	
	0. Not at all
	10. Complete trust

Trust_courts - the court
	
	0. Not at all
	10. Complete trust

Trust_police - the police
	
	0. Not at all
	10. Complete trust

Trust_politicians - Politicans
	
	0. Not at all
	10. Complete trust

Trust_polparties - the political parties
	
	0. Not at all
	10. Complete trust

Trust_reggov - the Flemish/Walonian government 
	
	0. Not at all
	10. Complete trust

Age - difference between 2019 and the year of birth 'Birthyear'

trust_index - additive index of 'Trust_courts', 'Trust_police', 'Trust_politicians' and 'Trust_polparties' divided by number of items. 

immigration_index - additive index of 'Immigrants_economy', 'Immigrants_culture', and 'Immigrants_crime' divided by number of items.        

## End of codebook. 